Rose Valland (1898–1980) was a French art historian and museum curator best known for her role in documenting and safeguarding artworks looted by the Nazis during World War II. Valland worked at the Jeu de Paume Museum in Nazi-occupied Paris, where she secretly documented the theft of thousands of artworks. Her meticulous records helped recover thousands of artworks after the war. As a French Monuments Woman after the war, her contributions were instrumental in the Allied efforts to return looted art to its rightful owners.